“Learned helplessness has been used as a model for understanding clinical depression.”

“In the Brelands’ study, raccoons failed to deposit coins in a box because the coins became conditioned reinforcers.”

“Longer exposure to punishment increases its effectiveness more than increasing its intensity.”

What is conditioned suppression?

Explain the difference between positive practice overcorrection and restitutional overcorrection, with examples.

Compare positive punishment and negative punishment with examples.

“Punishment alone is an effective long-term strategy for behavior change.”

What is a common consequence of punishment?

How did Sidman’s (1953) research on avoidance learning challenge traditional views on punishment?

Why are variable-ratio schedules more resistant to extinction than fixed-ratio schedules?