Bowmans capsule is made up a cluster of capillaries called t…

Bowmans capsule is made up a cluster of capillaries called the glomerulus.  Within this structure is the basement membrane which aides in the filtration of substances.  Filtration occurs due to size dependent pores.  Which substance is normally prevented from leaving the plasma?

Acute kidney injury is a rapid decline in renal functioning…

Acute kidney injury is a rapid decline in renal functioning and resultant azotemia.  Causes of acute kidney injury are divided into the following categories prerenal, intrarenal, and post renal causes.  A prerenal cause of kidney injury is which of the following?