A couple is being seen at your clinic. They shared with you that they want to begin to have children, but after doing at home genetic testing they are scared that their child may be born with sickle cell disease (SCD). Both mom and dad are carriers of the sickle cell disease trait. What information would you provide the couple? 

A 36 year old female develops painful, swollen breasts every month in correlation to her menstrual cycle. The swelling is similar bilaterally. Symptoms begin 2 weeks before menstruation and ends at the end of menstruation. What condition does she most likely have?

Dr. Green has allowed students to use one blank piece of paper on this exam to work out Punnett squares. I have shown my single BLANK piece of scrap paper to the camera before starting my exam. I have shown both sides of that piece of paper to the camera before starting my exam.

ScLi15- Determine whether results of a research study answer the research question The Biodiversity-stability hypothesis suggests that more plant species in an area can enhance the stability and resilience of ecological communities (groups of other species), resulting in diverse communities being better able to withstand disturbances or environmental fluctuations. A study wanted to determine if the hypothesis applied to grassland areas. They manipulated  the plant richness (number of plant species) by adding or removing plant species. Which statements best conclude the response of the community to these changes? 

ScLi11- Identify predictions of research papers A study wants to test the following hypothesis: Precipitation patterns affect the flowering timing of plants. Researchers will test this hypothesis by performing field experiments setting up controlled plots of mango trees with varying levels of water availability to simulate different precipitation patterns. They will monitor these plots over one year and will monitor daily the appearance of flowering buds.  provide direct observations of changes in flowering times. Which of the following would be appropriate predictions?

LO10 Identify the research question and objective of studies in relation to an ecological principle Here is a paragraph of a study that looked at reproductive behavior of blue-footed boobies “According to life history theory, trade-offs between growth, somatic maintenance and reproduction will occur throughout an individual’s life, affecting its fitness. Longitudinal studies of diverse taxa have shown that reproductive success, physiological function and survival tend to vary across the lifespan in a distinctive inverted-U pattern. This suggests that fitness components first increase with age and experience, then decline progressively with senescence (old age). In addition, long-lived species are expected to maximise lifetime fitness by strategically adjusting their reproductive effort and related behaviours across their lifetime. However, there is division of opinion over whether members of long-lived species maximise lifetime fitness by increasing or reducing reproductive effort toward the end of the lifespan. (…) We investigated possible change across the lifespan in parental behaviour (by measuring nest defense across the life span of individuals). ” What is the most likely research question addressed by this study?  

ScLi6- Identify research questions/gaps addressed by research papers   A hypothetical study on autism is stating that: Despite extensive research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the early developmental markers that can predict the onset of autism. While behavioral symptoms of autism typically become apparent by the age of three, the subtle early indicators during infancy and their biological underpinnings are not well understood. Identifying these early markers is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention, which can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism. Current studies have focused largely on observable behaviors in later stages, leaving a gap in the early detection and understanding of the neurobiological changes that precede these behaviors. Which would be the most likely research question addressed in this study?

ScLi-1. Identify peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature Classify the following excerpts of articles about the Everglades as either peer-reviewed or non-peer reviewed   Article 1:   Article 2 Article 3   Article 4 

ScLi14- Interpret graphs, charts and statistics in results of research studies The following figure is from the study Sediment associated with algal turfs inhibits the settlement of two endangered coral species  coauthored by Dr. Alain Duran (professor in our bio department) The objective of the study was to determine if algal turfs or a mix of algal turfs and their sediments affected the presence of juvenile corals and settlement of new corals of two important coral species in South Florida     Which of the following statements are true?

ScLi13- Identify elements in results that provide information on how study variables behaved The following excerpt belongs to the study Anthropogenic Marsh Impoundments Alter Collective Tendency in Schooling Fish coauthored by Dr. Kevin Boswell  (professor in our bio department). “The objective of this study was to determine whether the collective tendency of schooling fish is modulated by anthropogenically introduced habitat complexity, prior to and in response to predator attack. To achieve this objective, we compared collective state of fish schools before and during predator attack, between an open salt marsh canal and a Water Control Structure (man-made). In those environments, we observed schools of free-ranging juvenile gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) The collective behavioural state of each fish school was quantified using six behavioural parameters : school area, group speed, angular velocity, orientational alignment (polarization), coherence of rotation (rotational order) (Attanasi et al. 2014), and correlation strength (degree of influence on neighbours) (Cavagna et al. 2008; Handegard et al. 2012). we predict that fish schools in the vicinity of a WCS will adjust their schooling tendencies and form less aligned shoals, exhibiting increases in area and decreases in polarization compared to the natural marsh environment.  ” Which of the following statements in the results section address the predictions mentioned above?