In legal disputes, the _____________ represents the federal government in the US Supreme Court.

Which political institution is given the constitutional authority to create lower federal courts and adjust the number of judgeships in a federal court?

Though rare, when the Supreme Court’s decision results in a tie, where both the number of affirming and dissenting votes are equal, which of the following is the outcome?

Following the president’s submission of a nomination to the federal court, the __________________ is responsible for investigating, deliberating, and upon its approval, voting to recommend the nominee to the floor for a vote in the chamber.

In June 2024, the Supreme Court released its decision for City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, which had ramifications for homeless persons across the US. The municipal code of Grants Pass, Oregon restricted camping on public property or parking overnight in the city’s parks, and violations could result in fines or imprisonment. Given that the number of unhoused persons exceeded the number of available shelter beds in the city, homeless persons living in the city necessarily faced civil or criminal prosecution. Therefore, a group of homeless individuals filed suit, arguing that these ordinances violated the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. After consideration, the Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision upholding (i.e., approving) the city’s ban on homeless residents sleeping outdoors.  In her dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor argued that the decision left homeless persons with fewer protections. The city’s municipal code that imposed fines and imprisonment for people “sleeping anywhere in public at any time, including in their cars” effectively punishes people for being homeless, which is “unconscionable and unconstitutional.” She continued, adding that the ordinances “ the most vulnerable in our society with an impossible choice: Either stay awake or be arrested. The Constitution provides a baseline of rights for all Americans…housed and unhoused. This Court must safeguard those rights even when…doing so is uncomfortable or unpopular.” Based on the opinion provided above, Justice Sotomayor is practicing which of the following?

A fiscal policy action to reduce inflationary pressure would be to increase which of the following?

Landon, age 47, is single and works at a local bank. His gross salary is $100,000 annually. He invests 8% in his 401k plan, 10% into other investments, pays about $11,500 in federal income tax, and also pays FICA tax. His mortgage principal and interest is $1,500 per month and he expects to have it paid off by the time he retires in 20 years. What is the most appropriate, simple method for calculating Landon’s wage replacement ratio (WRR)?

A person entitled to inherit property under intestate succession is known as                     .

Now suppose that the third hunter joins the game. Assume that Hunter 1 moves first, Hunter 2 moves second, and Hunter 3 moves last and players observe other players’ past moves. It is still the case that at least two hunters are needed to catch a stag and they share the stag evenly. Thus, when three hunters chase a stag, the payoff of each hunter is 20, that is, (Hunter 1, Hunter 2, Hunter 3) = (20, 20, 20). Payoffs for other cases are still the same. For example, if Hunter 1 and Hunter 3 chase a stag and Hunter 2 chases a hare, then their payoffs are (Hunter 1, Hunter 2, Hunter 3) = (30, 25, 30). As another example, Hunter 1 chases a stag and Hunter 2 and Hunter 3 chase hares, then their payoffs are (Hunter 1, Hunter 2, Hunter 3) = (0, 25, 25) because Hunter 1 cannot catch the stag alone. Hunter 3’s problem 1: when both Hunter 1 and Hunter 2 chose to chase a stag, Hunter 3’s best response is .  Hunter 3’s problem 2: when one of Hunter 1 and Hunter 2 chose to chase a stag and the other hunter chose to chase a hare, Hunter 3’s best response is .  Hunter 2 makes a decision after observing Hunter 1’s decision. Moreover, Hunter 2 takes into account of Hunter 3’s response. Hunter 2’s problem 1: when Hunter 1 chose to chase a stag, Hunter 2’s best response is .  Hunter 2’s problem 2: when Hunter 1 chose to chase a hare, Hunter 2’s best response is .  Hunter 1 knows how Hunter 2 and Hunter3 will respond according to Hunter 1’s decision. Hunter 1’s problem: Hunter 1’s best response is .  Therefore, the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of this game is as follows:Hunter 1 chooses , Hunter 2 chooses , and Hunter 3 chooses . 

In the long run, the market equilibrium output (quantity) increases.