A 14-year-old male is referred to the Endocrinology clinic after his pediatrician found glucose in his urine on a routine screening. The child has been healthy since birth. He denies any recent symptoms or recent illnesses. He has an uncle and a grandfather with adult onset diabetes. The child admits to eating mostly “junk food” and drinking about 6 cans of soda daily. He does not exercise. He denies using any medications or illicit drugs. He denies smoking. On physical exam, he is an obese teenager who weighs 264 pounds and is 5’7″ tall. He has normal vital signs. He is well appearing, pleasant, and cooperative. The only physical finding is acanthosis nigricans on the nape and sides of the neck. Fasting serum glucose is 249 mg/dL. His urinalysis is positive for glucose and negative for ketones. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A 42-year-old female, who loves food laden with salt, is very puzzled about her recent unexplained weight loss. She also has complaints of lethargy. She has several episodes of nausea and vomiting. Because of her symptoms, she goes to her primary care physician. Upon questioning, she is surprised that her doctor asks her about salt craving but acknowledges this. On physical examination, there is a hyperpigmentation to her skin and mucus membranes. Her blood pressure is 85/60 mmHg. Her laboratory results show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.  Her serum ACTH level is elevated.  Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

You have now completed the Endocrine core examination.

Clinical presentation associated with a diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) includes which of the following clinical findings?

A 38-year-old man came to the outpatient clinic presenting with fatigue, dry mouth, and passing large amounts of urine. He describes his urine as light in color and non-odorous. On further questioning, he said he had never experienced prior similar symptoms.  He has always been healthy and denies prior hospitalizations.  On recent routine pre-employment screening, serum electrolyte testing revealed that his serum sodium was mildly elevated.  He was advised to have the test repeated in three months.  When he had repeat blood work taken one week ago, there was further increase in the serum sodium level.  Blood glucose level is normal.  DDAVP (desmopressin) injection resulted in decrease in urine volume and increase in urine specific gravity. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A 38-year-old man had a total thyroidectomy for Stage II papillary carcinoma 1 day ago. What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur and should be considered in the post-operative management of the patient?

A 34-year-old G2P2 female presents to her obstetrician because of new onset discharge from her breast. She first noticed it in her bra a few days ago, but now she notes that at times she’s soaking through to her blouse. She was also concerned about being pregnant because she has not gotten her period in 3 months. In the office ß-HCG is negative. The patient’s nipple discharge is guaiac negative. Which of the following therapies is most appropriate?

The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism can be established by demonstrating which of the following laboratory test results?

A ‘Critical’ period in development is ________________________, whereas a‘Sensitive’ period is ________________________.

Maslow’s Humanism theory with it’s hierarchy of needs and Evolutionary theorywould be examples of which of the ‘newer’ theories of development?