Explain the purpose of color Doppler to produce a twinkle artifact and how it is acquired.

Myelodysplasia (a neural tube defect consisting of defective development of part of the spinal cord) is the most common cause of neurogenic bladder in infants and children

Which of the following is a cause of emphysematous pyelonephritis?

The normal adult renal cortex echogenecity is comparable to what two normal organs at the same depth?

A patient complaining of sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin is describing:

The extensions that lie between the renal pyramids are called:

In cases of von Hippel-Lindau disease, which of the following is not true?

All of the following predispose patients to transitional cell carcinoma except 

High-school athletes who skip college to become professional athletes.

Evaluate this ABG: pH: 7.44              PaCO2: 30                           HCO3: 21