47. This molecule contains an unsaturated fatty acid and would be liquid oil at room temperature.  

Functional groups are groups of atoms within molecules that give diverse properties to the molecules they are found on.  For example, the male and female steroid hormones (testosterone and estradiol) determine the differences between the male and female sexes in all vertebrates and are a result of a single functional group change between the two molecules.  Below are 5 molecules that contain some of functional groups most essential to life.  Use these molecules to answer the next several questions.    40. Many neurotransmitters, such as histamine that is involved in the allergy response, are derived from amino acids such as histidine that contain this “basic amino functional group”.      

38. Which of the following would be considered an Organic Molecule? 

42.  When this phosphate functional group is attached to a lipid molecule, it provides the phospholipid with polar properties, and helps form amphipathic cell membranes.

51.  If you wanted to completely hydrolyze and breakdown insulin that contains 51 AMINO ACID monomers, how many water molecules would be needed to do so?  

23. What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms from the reactants side are accounted for in the products side? C6H12O6 → ___ C2H6O + ___ CO2

56.  A plant growing in soil that is deficient in phosphorus would make it difficult for the plant to synthesize what macromolecules? (HINT – which of the 4 groups of macromolecules contain Phosphate groups!) 

52.  Insulin is stored in the body as a hexamer, but is a monomer in its active form.  If you were to subject the fully folded insulin protein to conditions that caused protein denaturation such as extreme heat, which level of protein structure would you expect to still “remain intact” after protein denaturation?    

20. Which of the atoms shown would you least expect to see forming molecules (ie. Inert)? Atomic Number is given in ( ).   

55.  The enzyme in your saliva that is beginning reactions to digest your food is called amylase. Amylase is an enzyme and most likely which type of macromolecule?