During hemodialysis, the nurse notes that a 10-year-old becomes confused and restless. The child complains of a headache and nausea and has generalized muscle twitching. This can be prevented by which of the following?

A patient with frequent urinary tract infections in being seen in the urology clinic. The patient asks the nurse if there is a chance of acute renal failure. The nurse explains that which of the following risk factors can lead to acute renal failure? (Select all that apply.)

In the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, the nurse should assess the client for:

Which statement made by a client who has received a renal transplant indicates that the desired outcome of discharge teaching has been met?  SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

A week after kidney transplantation, the client develops a temperature of 101⁰ F, the blood pressure is elevated, and the kidney is tender.  The x-ray indicates that the transplanted kidney is enlarged.  Based on these assessment findings, the nurse would suspect which of the following complications?

A client is scheduled to undergo weekly intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer for the next 8 weeks. Which of the following indicates that the client understands how to manage the urine as a biohazard. The client will:

A nurse is initiating peritoneal dialysis for a client with renal failure.  During the infusion of the dialysate, the client reports abdominal pain.  Which intervention by the nurse is the most appropriate?

The client newly diagnosed with chronic renal failure recently has begun hemodialysis.  Knowing that the client is at risk for disequilibrium syndrome, the nurse assesses the client during dialysis for:

An elderly client admitted with new-onset confusion, headache, poor skin turgor, bounding pulse and urinary incontinence has been drinking copious amounts of water. Upon reviewing the lab results, the nurse discovers a sodium level of 122 mEq/L (122 mmol/L). A report to the physician should include what recommendations? Select all that apply.

Choose the best description of the morphology and arrangement in the gram stain above.