Karst refers to landforms and landscapes dominated by:

Large amount of runoff in an area may imply that the area has

Coastal sediment may come from the following source(s):

Most sediment within coastal deposits is delivered to the standing body of water by:

Which two processes form most sinkholes?

Which of the following is unlikely a feature found in a karst landscape?

Gravity is a must (required) for mass movement, and the presence of water is not necessary. 

The zone of aeration:

In practice, stream discharge quantity Q=V/t is difficult to make operational. Which formula is typically used instead?

Trade Patterns, two parts (15 points; 10 min)  How are the patterns of international trade, that is the pattern of what different countries export and import, explained? (Please discuss at least three determinants of trade, at length). Two basic models of international trade are the simple trade “openness” model and the gravity model. Please write the equations (as best you can, using parentheses to group variables that reside in the numerator. You may use numbers in place of subscripts – e.g., Y1 and Y2 to represent GDPs for country 1 and country 2) that represent both models, discuss the variables, what information they provide, and discuss important differences among the models. Importantly, what determinants of trade each might overlook.