A patient with poor renal perfusion is treated with an ACE inhibitor and goes into renal failure. Explain the reason for the renal failure.

The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.

Hypernatremia is a plasma ________ concentration above normal.

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called ________.

Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called ________.

What is the primary role of the loop of Henle in the nephron? 

An elderly woman is concerned about her risk of fractures due to osteoporosis.  How does age affect the risk of osteoporosis and fractures? 

A pregnant woman with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is concerned about her risk during pregnancy.  How does pregnancy affect her risk of thromboembolic events? 

A neonate frequently spits up after feeding and shows signs of discomfort. What is the most likely condition? 

A patient with diabetes insipidus has excessive urine output and dehydration.