In children with chronic cystitis, the bladder wall may be thickened measuring ______ with a full bladder or ______with an empty bladder 

In older children, what disease may be present if there is increased echogenicity in the cortex?

What occurs when the ureter is narrowed at its distal insertion into the bladder?

A bladder tumor that appears as a homogeneous polypoidal mass on sonography in which it often arises from the bladder is best described as:

The most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborns is due to:

Which statement describes the sonographic appearance of infantile polycystic renal disease?

The deposit of calcium in the kidneys is known as: 

What technical impression is correct regarding this pulsed Doppler waveform?

What congenital error of the metabolism involves a deficiency of one of several enzymes necessary for normal steroid biosynthesis?

What is the most common renal anomaly in infants and children that is frequently diagnosed in utero?