You are working with a patient who reports pain of 9/10 in h…

You are working with a patient who reports pain of 9/10 in his right shoulder.  Strength testing is 5/5 (within normal limits) in the right shoulder for flexion, abduction, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation.  According to Sgroi et al., the Empty Can test demonstrated a sensitivity of .54 for pain.  When going through your evaluation, you find the patient has a positive Empty Can Test due to a report of pain during the test.  What is the next step in your diagnostic process?   

You estimate from your patient’s history, symptoms, and diag…

You estimate from your patient’s history, symptoms, and diagnostic testing that she has a 60% pre-test probability of a ruptured ACL.  After evaluating the patient and obtaining a positive finding on the Lachman’s Test, you determine she is 6 times more likely to have a ruptured ACL than your pre-test probability.  This value would be expressed as a: