In genetic sex determination, if a genotype of XX is female and XY is male, what will be the natural percentage of female off spring?

Why are life history variables, such as number of offspring, size of offspring, and degree of parental care,  often correlated?

The larvae of a carnivorous species of salamander inhabit ponds. When the pond contains few larvae, they mostly eat small invertebrates and have a high survival rate. When there are many salamander larvae in a pond, the larvae will also cannibalize each other and have a low survival rate. This is an example of

Assume a project has earnings before depreciation and taxes of $15,000, depreciation of $25,000, and that the firm has a 30% tax bracket. What are the after-tax cash flows for the project?

Botryococcus braunii is a microalgae species of great importance for making algal biofuels, because the cells accumulate lipids internally.  These lipids can be extracted (containing < 1% FFA) and converted to biodiesel using the transesterification process.  Consider the cultivation of this microalgae in large open ponds.   Outline and explain the series of processing steps that you might implement to produce ASTM standard biodiesel from the pond water containing this microalga.

Salmon reproduce when many males and females release large quantities of their gametes into a stream. This process, spawning, is a type of

Which social interaction is best described as the opposite of altruism in terms of its effect on donor and recipient fitness?

Huffaker’s laboratory experiment of predator and prey species of mites demonstrated that predator and prey cycles

Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions show that

Mixture of straight vegetable oil (SVO) and methanol can also be combusted in a diesel engine.  Explain what is preventing this mixture from being used in diesel engines.