To acidify the lumen of lysosomes (compartments in the cell involved in breakdown and recycling of biomolecules), V-type ATPase transporters are used to pump protons (H+) into the lumen (interior) of the lysosome. If the pH of the inside of the cell (cytosol) is 7.4 (4 x 10-8 M H+) and the luminal pH of the lysosome is 4.0 (1 x 10-4 M H+), calculate the free energy for a mole of protons (H+) to be pumped from the cytosol into the lumen of the lysosome. Note: We can consider, when determining membrane potential, that the movement of a solute molecule from the cytosol into the lumen of a lysosome is the same as movement from the inside of the cell to outside the cell. Assume: ΔGt = RT ln(C2/C1) or ΔGt = RT ln(C2/C1) + Z FΔψ T= 310 K R= 8.315 J/mol*K F= 96,480 J/mol*V (Faraday’s constant) Δψ = −50 mV (membrane potential, inside)

What is the primary function of the pneumotaxic center?

Following the birth of twin girls, you inspect the fetal membranes. Which one of the following findings would lead you to conclude that the twins MUST be identical (monozygotic)?

To treat intractable spasticity, a patient undergoes a selective dorsal rhizotomy procedure in which all of the dorsal roots from spinal levels L2-L4 on the right side are completely severed. What is the effect of this procedure on the patellar tendon reflex test on the patient’s right side?

A tennis player severely “rolls” his ankle and suffers an infrasyndesmotic avulsion fracture of the lateral malleolus. The lateral malleolus is a part of which one of the following structures?

What does the abbreviation PWB stand for?

Fernstrom Corporation has two divisions: East and West. Data from the most recent month appear below:East                        WestSales                                                                      $330,000              $144,000Variable expenses                                           $132,000              $ 76,320Traceable fixed expenses                             $140,000              $ 43,000The company’s common fixed expenses total $52,140. If the company operates at exactly the break-even sales of the East Division and West Division, what would be the company’s overall net operating income?

Northern Pacific Fixtures Corporation sells a single product for $28 per unit. If variable expenses are 65% of sales and fixed expenses total $9,800, the break-even point is: (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)

A mother brings her 8-year-old son to the clinic. Three days earlier he and another child had been “sword fighting” with wooden swords. The boy received a sharp blow to his right lower extremity, and since then his foot has “dragged” when he walks. Physical examination shows that he can raise up on his toes, but cannot walk on his heels. Further testing shows that he cannot dorsiflex his right foot. Sensation is intact on the foot, except for numbness of the web space between the first and second digits. At what spinal level are the cell bodies that give rise to the motor axons (GSE) that were damaged?

What should the NA do when providing oral care for a resident with cancer?