Which glycoprotein on the platelet membrane is crucial for platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall? 

A 30-year-old male athlete experiences increased bone density in his lower limbs after a period of intense training.  Which cells are primarily responsible for this adaptive response? 

What is the role of the protein p53 in the cell cycle? 

What role do mucous membranes play in host defense?

Which of the following substances is released by activated platelets to recruit more platelets to the site of injury? 

What is the significance of increased sporadic DNA mutations in older adults? 

Which part of the shoulder joint is often affected by degenerative diseases? 

An older adult patient has elevated cytokine levels contributing to functional decline. What is this phenomenon called? 

What occurs during the herniation of an intervertebral disc? 

A 35-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer is found to have a germline mutation in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene.  What is the significance of this mutation for her cancer risk?