In an anesthesia study with a p-value of 0.02 for a calculated odds ratio of 1.8, what does this suggest about the odds of an outcome?

In the eastern part of his empire, Charles V faced a threat to his power from which entity?

By 1100, charters of liberties granted townspeople which privilege?

After the conclusion of the Thirty Years’ War in 1648, the Holy Roman Empire experienced which of the following?

How is medieval university instruction best described?

A major cause of pollution in medieval cities was which of the following?

Justinian’s most important lasting contribution to Western civilization was which of the following?

Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 is known as what?

The “good emperor” Marcus Aurelius was regarded as a philosopher king deeply influenced by which school of thought?

Luther’s religious crisis came to a head over which of his growing beliefs?