Peter Parker  is examining how sleep deprivation influences…

Peter Parker  is examining how sleep deprivation influences driving ability. He has participants stay up for 36 hours and then has them drive in a driving simulator that records driving errors. He has people report how many years they have had a driver’s license, so he can control for that factor in his analysis. This means that how long someone has had a driver’s license is a(n) ________________________

Professor Snape plans to conduct a study of physical activit…

Professor Snape plans to conduct a study of physical activity in 2nd to 5th grade children for his masters thesis.  The study is to be conducted over a single school year.  He is interested in determining whether the frequency of physical education classes affects children’s tendency to engage in physical exercise.  Within each grade, two classes are randomly selected and assigned to one of two conditions.  In condition A, students participate in PE for 30 minutes, four days a week (4x/week).  In condition B, students participate in PE for 60 minutes, two days a week (2x/week).  During the final month of the school year, Professor Snape has six undergraduates who are members of his research team observe children during recess.  The observers are given a list of 10 children each day.  They are told to observe each child for 3 minutes and to record how long (minutes and seconds) the child spends engaging in physical exercise during that time.  He defines exercise as moving (running, walking, climbing, or jumping). Professor Snape’s hypotheses are: children in 5th grade will be less physically active than children in 2nd grade children who take PE 2x/week will be less physically active than children who take PE 4x/week study, grade is a(n) In this study physical activity   is a(n)