In a child custody dispute, Elisabeth was ordered to bring h…

In a child custody dispute, Elisabeth was ordered to bring her daughter, Hillary, to court so the judge could determine whether he should allow Elisabeth’s ex-husband, Eric, unsupervised visitation rights with their daughter.  Elisabeth refused to make Hillary available, secretly sending her to England with her grandparents.  The judge ordered Elisabeth held in jail until she produced Hillary.  Under which of these does the judge find his authority to order Elisabeth confined?

The U.S. State Department may assist Beth, an American paren…

The U.S. State Department may assist Beth, an American parent whose child was taken to Saudia Arabia by Kahlid, Beth’s estranged husband and the child’s foreign parent.  The State Department may assist Beth by helping Beth kidnap the child in Saudi Arabia and secretly bring the child from Saudi Arabia to America.