1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A and B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Choose A, B, A and B or NONE from the dropdown list.   2X5 (10)

3.3 An experiment was carried out by Teneo students to determine the action of the enzyme Pepsin on uncooked egg white.  The students expected to see certain colour changes occurring in the test tubes.   Three test tubes, labelled A, B and C were placed in a water bath of 37C.   Test tube A contained:  3 ml egg white + 1ml pepsin solution + 1ml Biuret reagent   Test tube B contained:  3 ml egg white + 1ml pepsin solution (boiled) + 1ml Biuret reagent   Test tube C contained: 3ml egg white + 1ml pepsin solution    

3.1.1 Provide a suitable heading for this graph. (2)       3.1.2 Identify the independent variable in this experiment. (1)     3.1.3 Why were kittens of the same litter used in the experiment? (1)       3.1.4 For the kittens in group A – what were the THREE most important sources of energy in their diet? (3)       3.1.5 a)  After how many days did the average mass of Group B start to decrease drastically? (1)         b)  Suggest a reason for this. (2)     c)  What conclusion can you draw from this? (1)       3.1.6 On which days were the masses of groups A and B equal? (2)       3.1.7 What was the average mass of the kittens in group B on day 23? (2)      

3.1 In an experiment, kittens of the same litter and with the same average mass were divided into two groups:  A and B. The table below shows the diet these two groups were fed over a period of 50 days.   Group Day 0 to day 20 Day 21 to day 50 A Proteins, glucose, starch, fats, minerals  and water Same as for day 0-20 PLUS 100ml milk every day B Proteins, glucose, starch, fats, minerals and water, PLUS 100ml milk per day Proteins, glucose, starch, fats, minerals and water     The results of this experiment can be seen in the graph attached to the blue button below: TO VIEW THE DIAGRAM, RIGHT CLICK ON THE BUTTON BELOW AND OPEN IT IN A NEW TAB.            

1.5.1 Picture A is showing the skull of “Mrs Ples”.  Give the genus and species of “Mrs Ples”. (2)     1.5.2 Identify the specific place where “Mrs Ples” was discovered. (1)     1.5.3 Give the name of the tree sap that fossil B has been found in. (1)     1.5.4 Identify the type of fossil that is shown in picture C. (2)     1.5.5 Identify by name, the organism shown in picture D. (2)    

4. Lees die onderstaande gevallestudie en beantwoord die vrae wat volg:       Ons raak almal soms moeg, veral as ons baie fisieke aktiwiteite gedoen het. Maar vir Jasmin (34-jarige), ‘n voormalige ster op hoërskool, wat nou ‘n ontspanningsloper is, gaan haar moegheid veel verder as wat sy dink normaal sou wees vir iemand met ‘n goeie fisieke vorm.  Sy het uiterste moegheid ervaar na haar lopies, sowel as spierkrampe, spasmas en ‘n ongewone gevoel van swaarkry in haar bene. Aanvanklik het sy dit net gekalk om ouer te word, maar haar uitputting en pyn het vererger tot die punt waar die voormalige atleet nie langer as ‘n paar minute op ‘n slag kon hardloop nie. Sy het sonder enige duidelike rede ander ongewone simptome, soos waasagtige sig , en braking begin ervaar. Besorg gaan Jasmin na haar dokter, wat baie toetse afgelê het en wat verskeie spesialiste geraadpleeg het. Na ‘n paar maande is daar uiteindelik ‘n mitochondriale siekte by haar gediagnoseer. Haar dokter het verduidelik dat dit ‘n afwyking is wat voorkom in die strukture wat energie produseer vir ‘n selfunksie. ‘n Algemene faktor onder mitochondriale siektes is dat die mitochondria nie voedsel en suurstof heeltemal kan verbrand om energie op te wek nie, wat noodsaaklik is vir normale selfunksie. Simptome kan insluit swak groei, vertragings in die ontwikkeling en spierswakheid. Daar is geen geneesmiddel nie, maar fisioterapie en medikasie kan die simptome beheer. https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-college-human-biology-flexbook-2.0/section/4.1/primary/lesson/case-study%253a-the-importance-of-cells    

  COLUMN I COLUMN II 1.3.1 Vitamin B A.    Can be found in brown rice and wholegrain bread B.     A deficiency can result in Scurvy   1.3.2. Iron A.    Is a component of haemoglobin in the blood B.     A deficiency can cause anaemia   1.3.3. Lipids A.    Consist of C, H, O and N B.     The food test uses a chemical called Iodine solution   1.3.4. Polysaccharides A.    Glycogen is an example of a polysaccharide B.     The monomers are called glycerol.   1.3.5. Glycosidic bond A.     Found between amino acids B.     Found between saccharides  

2.1.1 According to this time scale, in what era did amphibians first appear? (1)     2.1.2 How many years did it take for flowering plants to develop after the first plants colonised the land?  (Show your calculations). (2)       2.1.3 What is the correct biological term for “flowering plants”? (1)     2.1.4 What does the term “mass extinctions” mean? (2)   2.1.5 According to this time scale, how long ago did birds evolve from reptiles? (2)       2.1.6 a)  What is the name of the fossil that was found that provided evidence of the development of birds from reptiles? (1)         b)  Describe three characteristics this organism (that you identified in question 2.1.6 a) had that was similar to reptiles. (3)           c)  Describe three characteristics this organism had that was similar to birds. (3)      

1.5 The blue button below is linked to a variety of skulls and fossils.  Study these pictures carefully and answer the questions that relate to them. TO VIEW THE DIAGRAM, RIGHT CLICK ON THE BUTTON BELOW AND OPEN IT IN A NEW TAB.    

2.3 Die onderstaande gevallestudie handel oor die probleem van eutrofikasie in ‘n ekosisteem. Lees dit aandagtig deur en beantwoord die vrae wat volg:   Ekologiese gevolge van eutrofikasie (Gevallestudie: Eutrofikasie en dooie sones)   Inleiding Dooie sones is suurstof arm gebiede (hipoksie) in die oseaan waar seelewe, insluitend visse, krappe en mossels, nie kan oorleef nie. In die 1970’s het oseanograwe/ mariene bioloë begin let op toenemende gevalle van dooie sones. ‘n Studie van 2008 het 405 dooie sones wêreldwyd getel. Hipoksie is ‘n natuurlike verskynsel wat gereeld in kuswaters regoor die wêreld voorkom. Gedurende die afgelope 50 jaar het die toename in belangrike besoedelingstowwe van menslike aktiwiteite op land egter baie kusekosisteme uit balans gebring, wat gelei het tot uitgebreide streke vir dooie sones. Die verbruik van skulpvis (bv. Mossels, oesters) uit hierdie dooie sones is een van die mees algemene maniere waarop gifstowwe van alge die gesondheid van die mens kan beïnvloed. Die gifstowwe veroorsaak dat iemand onbevoeg raak weens die verlammende effek van die gifstof en kan veroorsaak dat die persoon sterf weens verlamming van die longe. http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Case_studies/eutrophication