Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS-UCS connection was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of __________.

Repeating items over and over in order to aid memory is known as __________ rehearsal.

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________.

Kiara just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself. In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her to keep telling jokes, Kiara’s dad might __________.

Personal facts and memories of one’s personal history are parts of ___________ memory.

A person is connected to an electroencephalograph, a machine that records the brain’s electrical activity. The person is reinforced when his or her pattern of brain waves changes in order to treat a disorder such as epilepsy. This technique is BEST called __________.

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep after they become sick from the bait he leaves. The farmer is attempting to apply the research of __________ to accomplish this.

Carrie is trying to focus on a conversation across the room during a party she is attending. This is because she thinks she heard her name above the din of the conversation. Her ability to hear her name is due to the mechanism of __________.

The three parts of the information-processing model of memory are __________.

Current research finds that younger adults can hold __________ items in short-term (working) memory if they do not use any type of retention strategy.