A 40-year-old male is diagnosed with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a hereditary cancer syndrome associated with mutations in the TP53 gene.  What is the primary function of the TP53 gene in normal cells? 

What is the impact of immunosenescence on cancer risk in older adults? 

A 55-year-old female with breast cancer is found to have cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).  What is the primary consequence of EMT in cancer progression? 

A 60-year-old male with advanced prostate cancer presents with fatigue, weight loss, and anemia. Laboratory tests reveal elevated inflammatory markers.  What is the most likely cause of these systemic symptoms? 

A 20-year-old male presents with severe shoulder pain and deformity after falling on an outstretched arm. Physical examination reveals a prominent acromion and loss of the normal shoulder contour.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 45-year-old male presents with pain and numbness in his right hand and forearm. He reports that his symptoms are worse with repetitive use of his hand and wrist. Physical examination reveals tenderness in the forearm muscles and a positive Tinel’s sign at the wrist.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 40-year-old female with a fractured ankle has been in a cast for 8 weeks. She now experiences muscle weakness and stiffness in her lower leg.  What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? 

A 60-year-old female presents with bone pain and frequent fractures. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of calcium in the blood. Imaging studies show areas of bone resorption.  What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? 

A patient who recovered from a previous infection has a rapid and robust immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Which cells are responsible for this enhanced response in humoral immunity? 

A patient with a bacterial infection shows an increased number of neutrophils at the site of infection. What process is responsible for this increase?