A 68-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) pr…

A 68-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) presents to the hospital with complaints of progressive shortness of breath, orthopnea, and fatigue over the past 48 hours. The patient has been on hemodialysis for 1 year due to diabetic nephropathy. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, bibasilar crackles on auscultation, jugular venous distention (JVD), and pitting edema in the lower extremities. The patient’s blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg, heart rate is 110 bpm, and oxygen saturation is 85% on room air. Laboratory results show: BUN: 88 mg/dL Creatinine: 6.5 mg/dL Sodium: 135 mEq/L Potassium: 5.0 mEq/L Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s pulmonary symptoms?

A nurse is caring for a patient in the diuretic phase of acu…

A nurse is caring for a patient in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure. The patient has experienced a significant decrease in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, but their urine output remains elevated at 4 liters per day. The nurse should closely monitor for which of the following complications during this phase of ARF?

A nurse is educating a 58-year-old patient with end-stage re…

A nurse is educating a 58-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease who just had an arteriovenous (AV) fistula created for hemodialysis. The nurse is explaining the care and maintenance of the new fistula to help prevent complications and ensure optimal function. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching about the care of the AV fistula?