Which of the following states developed a tightly centralized political structure, in its early stages, in which all power stemmed from a group of dukes?

What political form of organization became common in many kin-based societies after 1000 C.E.?

Christian churches carved from solid rock are an example of the influence of

The Ghaznavid Turkish leader who raided and plundered India in the eleventh century was

Which of the following is true of the pre-Umayyad expansion of the Islamic Empire?

Which of the following is true of the position of women in sub-Saharan Africa?

Historians estimate that between 750 and 1500 C.E., the number of enslaved people transported north as part of the trans-Saharan trade exceeded

Which of the following is primarily responsible for early Tang dynasty decline?

Which of the following was a key reason for Byzantine successes in resisting Muslim advances northward?

Which of the following is true of Justinian’s rule as the Byzantine emperor?