The time between shocks or the ______ interval and the time away from shocks produced by responses or the ______ interval are two aspects of escape and avoidance:

For learned helplessness, pre-exposure to escape ______ the helplessness brought on by ______ aversive stimulation:

What is the name of the pathology where there is an overgrowth of GB wall mucosa with formation of diverticula?  

A high-speed missile cruising in the air at -50 oF, and the characteristic Mach number of the missile M* is 2.  What is the Mach number M of the missile?

The complication of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is:  

Pneumobilia will produce:  

The number of responses that occur in a given interval.

What is the most common cause of GB hydrops?  

Behavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) that precedes the response (CR).

When a conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response (CS –> CR).