Taking an extreme member of an opposition group and treating them as representative of the group as a whole is the fallacy called . . . 

What best describes the fallacy committed in the following passage?Senator Evans thinks teens should be taught about contraception and practicing safe sex. This is what all the advocates of sex ed say. What they really mean is that kids should be able to have sex with no consequences.

Which of the following is not part of the state of affairs (the phenomenon) being explained in the following explanation? Brost has a fever and a terrible cough.  He aches all over.  He looks terrible. He must have the flu.

What is the conclusion of the following argument? Forty-five patients were admitted to Mercy Hospital for pneumonia in December. They were all given standard treatment for pneumonia. After five days, thirty of them were well enough to go home. The other fifteen, however, somehow acquired other infections and were not well enough to be released for fourteen days. The only relevant factor common to these fifteen is that they all stayed in the same ward (different from the ward that the other group stayed in). Seems like the prolonged illness was due to staying in that particular ward. 

It is impossible to prove a scientific theory through sucessful predictions.  That is, it is not possible to establish a scientific theory with a valid deductive argument the way you can prove a mathematical theorem.   Which of the following represent the logic of confirming a scientific hypothesis (H) with predicted consequences (C)? 

The textbook explains that it is possible to reject a scientific hypothesis through testing, although it is impossible to prove one in this way.  Which of the following represent the logic of disconfirming a scientific hypothesis (H) with predicted consequences (C)? 

Which of the following are logically possible?

Which of the following is physically possible?

What is the conclusion of the following argument? Getting the endorsement of the teachers’ union in this town is absolutely essential to being elected to the school board in this city. No one has ever won a seat on the school board without an endorsement from the teachers’ union

What is the explanation provided in the following? What is the greatest influence on the course of human history, its social and cultural development? Some say it’s powerful ideas like socialism, democracy, human dignity, and scientific method. Some say it’s the social movements that embody and promote these ideas. But the greatest influences are wrought by great leaders, who are not necessarily great thinkers. Throughout history, every time a great leader appeared—Moses, Alexander, Caesar, Napoleon, and the like—the world was irrevocably changed regardless of what ideas or social movements were in existence.