The Cluny monastic reform was put under the direct protection of

Trade between the West and the Muslim world continued like normal in spite of the violent interruptions of the Crusades.

Which dynasty succeeded the Carolingian dynasty in France?

How was English king Henry II related to Henry I?

The warming climate of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300)

Second only the Jesus Christ himself, the most important figure of veneration in the twelfth century church was

What was the name of French king Philip’s experiment in representative government?

By 1300, the Flemish cloth market declined because Italian merchants increasingly turned to

What was the key difference between free peasants and serfs?

By 1000, a triangular trade emerged between England, Flanders, and the Rhineland because of