Carbonation shrinkage occurs when moisture diffuses out of the concrete and the exterior shrinks more rapidly than the interior.

A shorter yield plateau signifies a _______ brittle material.

The concrete in the core of a spiral column is subjected to a uniform confining stress σ3 of 300 psi. What will the compressive strength σ1 be? The unconfined uniaxial compressive strength is 4,600 psi.

Damage or failure from vehicular collisions is an example of a _______.

The strength of concrete under biaxial compression is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength.

Prolonged moist curing leads to lower concrete strength.

Short duration loads cause creep deformation in reinforced-concrete structures.

What is typically the maximum gravel size used in structural concrete?

High performance concrete refers to concrete that has _______.

There are no standards governing the quality of water for use in mixing concrete. In most cases, drinking water is not suitable.