In a pull-out test, a concrete cylinder containing the bar is placed on a stiff plate and a jack is used to pull the bar out of the cylinder.

Per ACI 318 standards (Section 25.4.2.3 in 2014 edition) and the homework, when calculating the development length of deformed bars, what is the maximum value (cb + Ktr)/db should be taken as?

The development lengths will be the same whether a reinforcing bar is in compression or tension.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 16 in., h = 30 in., and d = 27.5 in. It is reinforced with four No. 5 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 10,000 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the cracking moment, Mcr.

Concrete does not crack due to imposed deformations, such as differential settlement, shrinkage, and temperature differentials.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 30 in., and d = 27.5 in. It is reinforced with five No. 7 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 2,800 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups satisfying ACI 318-14 Sections 9.7.6.2.2 and 9.6.3.3. Determine the strength φMn for this beam.

Determine the bar-spacing factor, cb, for a simply supported rectangular beam with b = 18 in. and No. 3 stirrups. This beam has five No. 8 bars as longitudinal reinforcement. The clear cover is 1.5 in.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 22 in., and d = 19.5 in. It is reinforced with five No. 5 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 9,100 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the transformed cross-sectional area of the bars, Ast.

The _______ is the shortest length of bar in which the bar stress can increase from zero to the yield strength.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 24 in., four uncoated No. 8 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 3 Grade 40 stirrups located every 8 in. along the span. Assume 6,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 2 in.