The image, above, is of Nostoc cells. What is the proper technical term for the larger cell at the end of the arrowhead?  a.  chloroplast b.  gigantocyte c.  heterocyte d.  monocyte What is the function of the larger cell at the end of the arrowhead?  a.  carbon-fixation b.  nitrogen-fixation c.  phosphorus-fixation d.  sulfur-fixation

    How are the above instruments sterilized?  a.  autoclaving b.  sprayed with disinfectant c.  irradiation d.  flaming Which of the instruments, above, would be used for stabbing an agar deep?  a.  the loop b.  the needle c.  neither d.  either What is an advantage of using agar as a gelling agent?  a.  It is transparent. b.  It is solid at 37oC. c.  It can serve as a nutrient for many microbes. d.  A and b are correct. e.  B and c are correct. Where on an agar plate should you place your label?  a.  on the lid b.  on the dish c.  It doesn’t really matter as long as there is a label. d.  on the edge of the lid Where should you dispose of used Petri plates? a.  in the Kill area along with used broth cultures in tubes b.  in the Biohazard bin (covered waste bins) c.  in the regular waste bin d.  in the recycling bin – it’s a shame to waste all that recyclable material

  Which of the following should be used to clean the microscope’s objective lenses?  a.  Kimwipe b.  lens paper c.  paper towel d.  newspaper Why is the parfocality of a microscope’s objective lenses helpful to the user?  a.  Distortion due to the lenses being spherical is minimized. b.  Specimens that are centered in one objective are near the center of the next lens. c.  The tendency of different colors to focus at different distances from the lens is minimized. d.  Only small adjustments in focusing are needed when going from lens to lens. What is the total magnification when using the 4X lens with 10X oculars?  a.  40X b.  100X c.  400X d.  1000X

Your attending physician instructs you to give a patient 10 cc of a medication.  How many microliters of medication would this be? (4 points) For full credit, give your answer in decimal and exponential format.  If you are unable to use the superscript function, you may give your exponential format answer as follows:  n X 10e1 microliters or n X 10e-1 microliters.  Note:  the example is just that; it is not the answer.

What is the technical term for the structure that we refer to as a “mushroom”?  a.  ascocarp b.  basidiocarp c.  deuterocarp d.  zygocarp What is the technical term for the asexual spores produced by mushrooms?  a.  ascospores b.  basidiospores c.  conidia d.  zygospores What it the technical term for the sexual spores produced by morels and truffles?  a.  ascospores b.  basidiospores c.  conidia d.  zygospores

What is one advantage of heat-fixing a specimen?  a.  Pathogens are killed. b.  Cell motility is preserved. c.  Cell size and shape are maintained. d.  Flagella are made visible. What can happen if a specimen is overly heat-fixed?  a.  Pathogens are preserved, intact. b.  Cell size and shape can be distorted. c.  Cell motility is preserved. d.  Flagella are made visible. The individual cells and the arrangements of the cells on the slide, shown above, are difficult to see, clearly.  What mistake in smear preparation would explain this?  a.  The cells were too old. b.  There was too much material applied to the slide. c.  Too much stain was applied to the slide. d.  The slide was over-decolorized when staining.

What is the technical term for the sexual spores of the organism shown in the image above?   a.  ascospores b.  basidiospores c.  conidia d.  zygospores With what process/disease is this organism associated?   a.  bread mold b.  potato late blight c.  San Joaquin Valley fever d.  sporotrichosis What is the technical term for a fungal colony?  a.  carp b.  ergot c.  hypha d.  mycelium

What is the proper name (Genus + specific epithet) of the pathogen that causes San Joaquin Valley fever?

If you want each interval to contain an equal number of features, which interval type should be used?

What is the data type of the following attribute: geographic area coverage