Many grocery chains require customers to have a membership card in order to receive sale prices or other discounts. These grocery chains are practicing database marketing.

A retailer starts to define its marketing strategy by selecting its inventory management strategy.

Homeshoring is the practice of hiring workers to do jobs from home.

A major advantage of advertising is the ease of measuring advertising effectiveness.

A stratified sample is a type of nonprobability sample.

Although the United States runs a continuing trade deficit in services, it has maintained a trade surplus in goods since 1992.

Affinity marketing consists of frequent-buyer or user marketing programs that reward customers with cash, rebates, merchandise, or other premiums.

As consumers are willing to exert considerable effort to obtain specialty products, producers can promote them through relatively few retail locations.

Market segmentation attempts to isolate traits that distinguish a certain group of consumers from the overall market.

Marketers think in terms of a product as a compilation of package design and labeling, brand name, price, availability, warranty, reputation, image, and customer service activities that add value for the customer.