Match the Following Hormones to their correction function: Luteinizing hormone (LH)                   influences mood and sexual maturity Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)              regulates growth of gametes: oocytes in females and spermatozoa in males; stimulates                                                         ovarian follicles to secrete estrogen in females  Oxytocin                                     surge causes ovulation and produces  progesterone  via corpus luteum in females;                                      stimulates interstitial cells in testis to make testosterone.  Prolactin                                    promotes uterine motility and milk let  down (release). Also important in male affection. Growth hormone (GH)                 induces milk synthesis after pregnancy Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)                   promotes tissue growth mainly by triggering release of somatomedin                                                    (a potent growth stimulator) from the liver. Testosterone                   regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Promotes growth of uterine lining (endometrium);                              stimulates female growth and development Melatonin                       mediates sense of thirst and promotes H2O retention by the kidneys; likely responsible  for                              affection & monogamy in males Estrogen                              stimulates male growth, development, sperm production and libido.  

Complete statements #1 and #2  using the terms listed below:                     Downregulate,  Upregulate,  Kill,  Move   1.   Prolonged exposure to low amounts of a hormone would cause a cell to     its receptors.  2.   Target cells can     their receptors to prevent over stimulation.

Secretions from       glands have extracellular effects. Secretions from      glands have intracellular effects.

Choose from hormones listed below to complete statements #1  and #2 :  Andrenocorticotropic Hormone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Glucocorticoids   1. The    is secreted from the hypothalamus and it acts on the anterior  pituitary gland causing it to secrete     .  2. The release of the anterior pituitary gland hormone then acts on the adrenal cortex to cause it to secrete  .  

Match the Following Hormones to the correction function:  Leptin                        Mediates part of the sympathetic response to stress. Affects metabolism (increases blood                                  glucose). Also increases heart rate & BP Cortisol                     Reduces Ca+2 in ECF stimulates bone deposition and ossification. Effects  primarily children.    Aldosterone               Affects metabolism (increases blood glucose) Glucagon                  Stimulates kidneys to excrete (lose) Na+ and H2O. Regulates blood pressure.  T3 & T4 (thyroid Hormone)       Promotes Na+ retention and K+ secretion  by kidneys, maintains blood pressure &                                                      volume.  Epinephrine and Norepinephrine                    Suppresses apetite  Calcitonin                           Elevates metabolic rate, O2 consumption and heat production. Stimulates respiration                                            and circulation  Atrial Naturetic Peptide/Factor                     Stimulates red blood cell production by  bone marrow. Erythropoietin              Controls metabolism and response to stress. Increases blood glucose. Suppresses immune                                   (defense) system.

A scientist is constructing a phylogenetic tree for a group of animals and observes that two distantly related species both have spiny body coverings. However, when examining other species on the tree, the scientist finds that at least three other descendant species positioned between them do NOT have spiny body coverings. According to the parsimony principle, what is the MOST LIKELY explanation for the presence of spiny body coverings in the two distant species?

A population of beetles lives in a forest. A hurricane sweeps through the area, randomly killing a large portion of the population, leaving behind only a few survivors who do not necessarily have traits that make them better adapted to the environment. Over time, the genetic makeup of the population changes due to this random loss of individuals. Which agent of evolution is MOST responsible for this change?

4) In the case of hypertension, how does excessive shear stress on endothelial cells impact the blood vessel’s capacity to self-regulate?

17) The strength of the cardiac muscle contraction depends on ____________________ because compared to skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells __________________.  

GREETINGS! You’ve reached the last question of the exam (or you’ve scrolled ahead) – well done! The proctoring team will review your exam recording and confirm that your exam was conducted without unauthorized aid, that there were no issues with acquiring solid recordings of you and your computer screen. Grades will be posted once the recordings are reviewed and I review the class’ performance on each question (I award points back when the correct answer is not selected by the majority of the class). Questions and answers to exams are not published in this course; there is no exam review in the hybrid APK 2105c class. Sharing exam content with others is not permitted. Please submit your exam now. If you fail to submit the exam by the time your exam access ends, the exam should be auto-submitted and uploaded to Canvas within a few minutes. Again, well done on getting through this test! :]