The double arrow in this reaction indicates that it is   in equilibrium. Polar hydrogen bonded. hydrophobic 

Which structural class of neuron is found in the retina of the eye? 

27. The addition of a strong acid like HCl to an aqueous solution would result in A) an increase in pH. B) the release of H+ into the solution. C) both the release of H+and a decrease in pH. D) both the release of H+ and an increase in pH. E) a decrease in pH.

14. Which of the following are produced during the citric acid cycle? A) a proton gradient B) ATP and NAD+ C) pyruvate, ATP and NADH D) ATP, NADH, and FADH2 E) oxygen

Metformin is a member of the biguanide group and is used to treat type 2 diabetes.

10. Select all the macromolecules that make up and maintain living organisms. A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) amino acids D) lipids E) nucleic acids F) vitamins G) nucleic acids, proteins, lipids carbohydrates

16. Using the periodic table as your tool, identify the atomic characteristic that would most quickly and efficiently identify any single element. A) number of protons and electrons B) number of shells C) number of neutrons and electrons D) number of neutrons

11. A researcher decides to test the scientific validity of the common phrase “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” What would be a valid hypothesis to investigate this specific question? A) The daily consumption of a single apple does not change the number of visits to the doctor. B) Apples are high in vitamin C C) Eating apples decreases the frequency of contracting a cold. D) Those who consume apples have longer lifespans than those who do not consume apples. E) Eating one apple every day is good for you.

29. What makes phospholipids good at forming cellular membranes? A) the polar and nonpolar regions create an amphipathic bilayer of phospholipids B) regions of aliphatic and hydrophilic atoms causing an internalization of phosphorous making a bilayer C) the three saturated fatty tails in phospholipids create a semisolid like structure that maintains a cell’s shape D) covalent and ionic bonds between glycerols create a tight seal around the cell

OPEC,  the organization of petroleum exporting countries,  opted to keep its petroleum  (crude oil) output unchanged,  expressing confidence in the market despite global supply strains that kept prices high.    OPEC kept its production at 30 million barrels per day.  A.  Using the information above and the price and output decisions of a profit maximizing  firm,  explain how oligopolies can act like a monopoly.   B.  Suppose one of the OPEC members,  say Saudi Arabia,  “cheated” on its agreement and decided to  increase its production.   Explain using your understanding of revenue, costs and profits for a oligopoly firm,  what impact this increase in production would have on the petroleum market?   C.  Based on the event in B,  does demand or supply shift in the petroleum market?  In your answer you will want to clearly explain your shifts, direction and what happens to price and quantity as a result.