A 43-year-old male client has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he claims is of a sudden onset. The client also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. His vital signs are stable with temperature 98.3°F (36.8°C), pulse 88, BP 140/87, and respiratory rate 18. Which potential contributing factor would the health care team suspect first?

Which laboratory value result correlates to the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A nurse is providing care for a client who has had a cast applied to her fractured arm 6 hours prior. The client is now reporting severe pain that she describes as “even worse than when I broke my arm.” What would be the nurse’s best course of action?

A 40-year-old man who uses heroin intravenously was diagnosed with hepatitis C (HCV) 1 year ago and now has chronic viral hepatitis. Which statement by the client to his care provider would warrant correction by the nurse?

An ultramarathon runner is admitted following a day-long, 50-mile (80-kilometer) race because urinary volume is drastically decreased and the urine is dark red. What is the likely cause of the red urine?

A 68-year-old black man who has smoked for at least 50 years reports that lately he feels as though food is getting stuck in his throat. At first this was a problem just with dry food, but now his morning oatmeal is getting “stuck.” On questioning, he reports drinking at least 3 alcoholic beverages nearly every day. Which is most likely his problem?

Which medication would the nurse anticipate being prescribed for the client with renal failure who has hyperphosphatemia?

A client with kidney cancer who underwent exploratory surgery has returned to the postoperative unit with a report of severe burning and indigestion in the epigastric region. Which intervention by the nurse would be priority for this client?

A nurse is teaching a student about nephrotic syndrome. Which statement(s) about the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome is accurate and should be included in the education? Select all that apply.

A frantic parent reports a large mass in the child’s abdomen; after diagnostic testing, the health care provider diagnoses a Wilms tumor, stage IV. After the provider leaves the room, the parents ask the nurse, “What does this mean?” Which response by the nurse is most accurate?