Bioactive compound taxol extracted from Pacific Yew tree is used to treat?

A 74-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department for confusion and lethargy. Family reports several days of poor oral intake and polyuria. Laboratory results show glucose 912 mg/dL, serum osmolarity 340 mOsm/L, arterial pH 7.36, bicarbonate 22 mEq/L, and trace serum ketones. Which pathophysiologic mechanism best explains the absence of significant ketosis in this condition?

A 62-year-old woman is admitted with acute small bowel obstruction. She has significant abdominal distention, persistent vomiting, and electrolyte abnormalities. CT imaging shows a transition point without evidence of ischemia or perforation. Which initial management approach is most appropriate?

A 27-year-old man presents with 1 week of nausea, malaise, anorexia, and low-grade fever followed by new-onset jaundice and dark urine. He recently returned from international travel and reports no alcohol use or IV drug use. Laboratory testing shows AST 1,450 U/L, ALT 1,900 U/L, total bilirubin 5.2 mg/dL, and normal INR. Which diagnostic test best confirms the most likely etiology?

A 59-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B presents for routine follow-up. He is HBsAg positive for 8 years, has persistently elevated ALT levels, and HBV DNA is markedly elevated. Imaging shows early cirrhotic changes. Which treatment plan is most appropriate?

A 48-year-old woman with no history of diabetes presents with recurrent fasting hypoglycemia. During a symptomatic episode, labs reveal low plasma glucose with elevated insulin, elevated C-peptide, and elevated proinsulin levels. Which etiology best explains these findings?

A 69-year-old man with type 2 diabetes on basal–bolus insulin and stage 3 chronic kidney disease is found unresponsive at home. EMS reports a capillary glucose of 31 mg/dL. He is diaphoretic and has shallow respirations. IV access is not immediately available. Which intervention is most appropriate to initiate first?

A 58-year-old man presents with epigastric pain and nausea. Upper endoscopy reveals erythematous, friable gastric mucosa without ulceration. Biopsy is negative for H. pylori. He reports daily NSAID use for chronic back pain and drinks alcohol on weekends. Which management plan is most appropriate?

A 60-year-old man undergoes upper endoscopy for evaluation of epigastric pain and is found to have a gastric ulcer. Biopsy confirms Helicobacter pylori infection. He has no history of penicillin allergy and has not received prior eradication therapy. Which treatment regimen is most appropriate to achieve eradication?

A 46-year-old woman with newly diagnosed moderate–severe ulcerative colitis is being considered for biologic therapy. Which step is essential before initiating treatment?