Aliya is conducting a study examining conformity. She wants…

Aliya is conducting a study examining conformity. She wants to know if a participant will respond differently to questions when they are alone versus when they are surrounded by people, who are actually confederates. This study must therefore involve _________ during the study, so she must conduct ________ at the end of the study.

Zahria is a young child who is receiving her first round of…

Zahria is a young child who is receiving her first round of vaccines. At first, Zahria is babbling and cooing while the doctor is getting out the needle, but she begins crying after the vaccine has been administered. A few months later, Zahria is back for her next round of vaccines. Zahria begins crying when the doctor gets out the needle. In this example, what happens to the needle?