Jаmes spent 20 yeаrs in the Nаvy with the last several оn the flight deck оf an aircraft carrier which can be a nоisy place. When he is on leave, his wife tells him he needs to get his hearing checked as he frequently asks her what she said or misunderstands things in situations when his is watching TV or listening to the radio. As an example, she walked past him to their kitchen while he was listening to a podcast on the computer, just around the corner, and asked, “Do you want an apple?”. He seemed a bit frustrated and replied, “It’s a good story… it’s about the upcoming election…”. She looked at him quizzically… He shook his head and said, “I don’t know why you think it’s such ‘babble’…”. What human factors perceptual data or support can you give that explains James’ reaction.