Determine the lightweight modification factor, λ, for a rect…
Determine the lightweight modification factor, λ, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., five galvanized No. 7 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 40 stirrups located every 8 in. along the span. Assume 8,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.5 in.