If cell A3 cоntаins а wоrd thаt has 6 characters, such as “Stоcks,” and cell A8 contains 5 words causing the text to wrap within the cell, what effect does this have on cell A3?
The Effect оf Music Therаpy оn Pоstoperаtive Pаin, Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressures and Analgesic Use Following Nasal Surgery(Tse, et al., 2005)Abstract: The prevalence of unrelieved postoperative pain is high and may lead to adverse effects including prolonged hospitalization and delayed recovery. Distraction may be an effective pain-relieving strategy, and can be implemented by several means including affective imaging, games, and possibly music. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of music therapy on postoperative pain. Methods: Fifty-seven patients (24 females, 33 males; mean ± SD age 39.9 ± 14.35 years [range 15 to 69 years] were matched for age and sex and then randomly assigned to either an experimental (n = 27) or a control (n = 30) group. The patients were grouped based on age and gender in order to ensure that there is equal representation from each group. Music was played intermittently to members of the experimental group during the first 24 hour postoperative period. Pain intensity was measured using the Pain Verbal Rating Scales (VRS). Results: Significant decreases in pain intensity over time were found in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). In addition, the experimental group had a lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and took fewer oral analgesics for pain. Conclusion: These findings suggest that music therapy is an effective non-pharmacologic approach for postoperative pain management. Questions: Please number your answers and keep your answers short and straight to the point.What quantitative research design was utilized?List the independent variables(s) for the studyList the dependent variable(s) for the studyWhat type of sampling methodology was used in this study?Identify one research design that is higher (stronger) and one that is lower (weaker) than the one utilized in the study.