In a study, Sheima wants to investigate the relationship bet…
In a study, Sheima wants to investigate the relationship between flattery and cooperation. She devises a memory game in which some participants are told that they have superior memories, while others are told they have only average memories. They were then given the opportunity to work with another participant on a follow-up memory task, or they could choose work alone. In this study, whether the participant chooses to work alone or with the other participant is the ____________, and whether they were told they had superior or average memories is the ____________.