Chаpter 5 Relаtiоnships I 1Mоst sоciаl movements aim to change society, but they seek varying degrees of change. 2Social movements can be classified into four types on the basis of their goals. 3The first type is revolutionary movements, which seek total, radical change in society. 4Their goal is to overthrow the existing form of government and replace it with a new one. 5Revolutionary movements typically resort to violence or some other illegal action. 6Examples include the revolution for independence in the United States, the Chinese Communist revolution, and the Castro-led revolution in Cuba. 7The second type of social movement is reform movements. 8They support the existing social system as a whole and want to preserve it, but they aim to improve it by removing its blemishes, typically through legal methods. 9Each reform movement usually focuses on just one issue. 10The civil rights movement seeks to rid society of racial discrimination. 11The women’s movement seeks to eliminate gender inequality. 12The ecology movement seeks to put a stop to environmental pollution. 13Third, resistance movements seek to preserve an existing system by resisting social change. 14The Ku Klux Klan and the U.S. Nazi party, for example, try to stop racial integration. 15In Muslim countries, the Islamic revolution seeks to protect the traditional Islamic ways of life against Western influences. 16Finally, expressive movements seek to change the individual, not society. 17Many are religious, aimed at converting individuals to a particular faith. 18These movements enable their members to express their sense of guilt, their joy of redemption, and their devotion to their religion. 19Examples include Moonies, Hare Krishnas, and other sects. The main pattern of organization of the above selection is _____.
Chаpter 6 Relаtiоnships II 1“Regulаtоrs” are the subtle signals we use tо control the give and take of conversation. 2In meetings, for example, you may lean forward, raise your index finger in midair, draw in a breath, and look directly at the speaker to signal that you want to speak next. 3If the speaker is willing to relinquish the floor, she will look at you, drop her own midair gesture, and lean back in her chair. 4If she is unwilling to relinquish the floor, she will probably raise her voice, accelerate her speech, and perhaps touch your arm to “squelch” you if you’re close enough or give you a “wait a minute” hand gesture. 5All of these signals are sent subtly and quickly, usually without premeditation. The main pattern of organization for the above passage is _____.
Chаpter 6 Relаtiоnships II 1A psychоlоgy professor introduced the sаme male guest lecturer to two different classes. 2The first class was told to expect a rather cold, dull, uninteresting person. 3The second class was told to expect a warm, intelligent, friendly lecturer. 4The lecturer presented identical information in the same manner to both groups. 5The first group found his lecture boring and did not ask questions; the second group found him warm and stimulating and asked many questions. 6This experiment has been replicated successfully many times. 7The outcome of these experiments suggests that telling someone what to perceive in another person will influence what is experienced. The two patterns of organization of the selection are comparison-contrast and _____.