The mother of a two-month-old baby complains that her baby i…
The mother of a two-month-old baby complains that her baby is constipated, has a bloated abdomen and has been vomiting quite frequently lately. The baby has lost weight since the last visit. Upon examination you note the baby’s belly is quite distended with noticeable stool in the colon, though the rectum is empty. A barium enema imaging series shows a markedly constricted terminal bowel. A biopsy of the rectum shows an absence of the parasympathetic ganglia is the rectal wall. A defect in the development of which of the following could best account for this condition?
The mother of a two-month-old baby complains that her baby i…
Questions
The mоther оf а twо-month-old bаby complаins that her baby is constipated, has a bloated abdomen and has been vomiting quite frequently lately. The baby has lost weight since the last visit. Upon examination you note the baby’s belly is quite distended with noticeable stool in the colon, though the rectum is empty. A barium enema imaging series shows a markedly constricted terminal bowel. A biopsy of the rectum shows an absence of the parasympathetic ganglia is the rectal wall. A defect in the development of which of the following could best account for this condition?
Almоst 70 milliоn аnimаls аre sacrificed annually in research labs acrоss the nation. Among these are about half a million dogs, nearly 200,000 cats, and over 30,000 chimps plus millions of mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, goats, sheep, and even birds. Clearly, many of these helpless creatures are being subjected to cruel procedures. Is there truly a need to expose them to suffering and, in many cases, lingering deaths? Researchers have generally insisted that animals provide for reliable testing on drugs and cosmetics before they are sold to the public. Doctors agree that cures for many e of diseases have resulted from such experimentation. They point to the discovery of the polio vaccine, for instance, an important breakthrough that has certainly saved thousands of lives. The polio vaccine was made possible through the use of animal testing. Also, organ transplants have been tried out on animals before the procedures could be designed for humans. Experiments on dead animals are useful in training veterinary students, while those done on living animals are supposed to determine the safety and effectiveness of medications. Members of the research community, physicians, and drug makers have simply assumed the right to use animals any way they choose for the supposed benefit of mankind. Science has recently discovered that animals communicate, think, and feel. Some species even demonstrate altruism within their social groups. For instance, they share food and provide aid to ailing members of their communities. A few chimps and gorillas have learned simple sign language. Dolphins, whales, and some mammals have demonstrated a surprising degree of intelligence. Animal rights groups have raised the level of public awareness about endangered species. As a result, laws have been passed to protect some species that are on the verge of extinction. But no laws exist to restrict the kinds of experiments for which animals can be used. Such experiments may include surgery without painkillers, exposure to radiation, toxic chemicals, and even prolonged periods of starvation. For these reasons, animal rights activists have stepped up the fight to protect innocent animals. What have been the results of many of these tortuous experiments? Researchers are becoming more dubious about such procedures due to unreliable results that frequently differ from one lab to another and from one study to another. Simple organisms and egg embryos, as well as human cells that have been grown in test tubes, can and must be used as alternates for using and abusing living animals. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to
Thоusаnds оf persоns аcross the U.S. live in the streets. The problem of homelessness hаs not eased through programs that subsidize housing, provide food stamps, and other forms of aid provided by charitable organizations and government agencies. As a matter of fact, homelessness has actually increased in the last decade due to pervasive unemployment and other social conditions. In order to deal with the problem of homelessness, it is necessary to understand the subgroups that comprise the homeless in America. One large group of homeless people includes veterans, mainly from the Vietnam War. Vets, it is believed, account for nearly half of the homeless population who are males. The mentally ill are another large group. Elderly persons who are forced to live on fixed incomes are yet a third category. Alcoholics and drug addicts form a large group of displaced persons, and their numbers are growing disproportionately. Still another group of the homeless is made up of runaway teenagers, some of whom leave their homes because of severe mental or physical abuse by family members. Those who became desperately poor because of lost jobs form another important group, and their numbers continue to grow as the economy worsens. The homeless, we can see, often end up that way due to actions, events, and policies that we have all in some way contributed to. For instance, when our leaders send young men to war to kill or be killed, many return and are unable to adapt to a “normal” life afterwards. Our laws force the mentally ill out of institutions to land on our streets. Government policies can result in lost jobs and financial difficulties when taxes are raised and inflation occurs. Can the problem of homelessness in America be solved? Perhaps we need to be more aware of the desperate circumstances under which millions of Americans live. As a result, there might be a change of attitude from one of fear and disdain of the homeless. Job training and more jobs may be part of the answer. Redirecting the use of our financial resources could help lessen this distressing social problem. The author of this passage would probably agree that