Usually a source object will not lie on the axis determined…
Usually a source object will not lie on the axis determined by the observer and the deflecting mass. Which of the following are probable consequences of that asymmetric arrangement? I. In a dual-image lens effect, one image will show a time delay from the other. II. The effective index of refraction will differ significantly from its value for on-axis sources. III. An observed radio ring will appear thicker and brighter on one side than the other.