When signing MAINSTREAM, the difference between the two sign…

Questions

ScLi6- Identify reseаrch questiоns/gаps аddressed by research papers   This is an excerpt frоm a study оn avian evolution "From diving ducks to hovering hummingbirds, the more than 10,000 species of extant birds exhibit myriad variations on a recognizable avian theme. The basic bauplan uniting this diversity originated during the Mesozoic Era, when it was slowly assembled through piecewise modification of the ancestral reptilian condition9. Perhaps most famously, the forelimb was elaborated into a feathered and aerodynamic wing10 — essential in the evolution of powered flight11 — and the snout was elongated into a pointed and dexterous beak12 — a key component of the avian kinetic apparatus13. In concert with the acquisition of these morphofunctional innovations, the hindlimb also underwent a dramatic transformation. Whereas the ancestral reptilian crus (shank) comprised a robust, columnar tibia and fibula extending from the knee to the ankle, the fossil record of theropod dinosaurs documents a sequential and severe reduction of the fibula on the line to birds. Modern birds consequently possess gracile, splint-like fibulas radically different from those of lepidosaurs and crocodilians (Fig. 1a,b). Such crural disparity has long perplexed developmental biologists, who have sought to elucidate its underpinnings by inducing atavistic morphology in avian embryos1,2,3,4,5,6. Despite an enduring fascination with fibular reduction, however, this transformation is widely assumed to have no direct adaptive value3,6, and its biomechanical implications remain largely unexplored." Which would be the most likely research question addressed in this study?

ScLi-1. Identify peer-reviewed аnd nоn-peer reviewed literаture The fоllоwing аre made up articles about the use of multivitamins.  Classify them as peer-reviewed or non-peer reviewed based on their content: Article A: Title: "5 Reasons to Take a Daily Multivitamin"Authors: Emily WhiteExcerpt: "Taking a daily multivitamin can provide numerous health benefits, from boosting your immune system to improving your skin health. Here are the top 5 reasons you should consider adding a multivitamin to your daily routine."Source: Health.com Article B: Title: "Multivitamin Use and Its Effects on Chronic Disease Prevention"Authors: Dr. Jane Doe, Dr. John SmithExcerpt: "This study investigates the long-term effects of multivitamin use on chronic disease prevention. Our randomized controlled trial included over 10,000 participants and found that regular multivitamin intake was associated with a modest reduction in the incidence of certain chronic diseases."Source: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Article C: Title: "The Best Multivitamins for Women: A Comprehensive Guide"Authors: Sarah BrownExcerpt: "Finding the right multivitamin can be challenging. This guide reviews the best multivitamins for women based on ingredients, quality, and customer reviews to help you make an informed decision."Source: Women's Health Magazine Article D: Title: "Impact of Multivitamins on Cognitive Function in Older Adults"Authors: Dr. Michael Green, Dr. Susan LeeExcerpt: "Our double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of multivitamin supplementation on cognitive function in older adults. Results indicated that those who took multivitamins showed significantly better performance on memory and attention tests compared to the placebo group."Source: Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences   Article E: Title: "Do You Really Need a Multivitamin? Experts Weigh In"Authors: Mark ThompsonExcerpt: "Are multivitamins necessary for everyone? We talked to experts to get their opinions on whether you should be taking a daily multivitamin or if a balanced diet is enough to meet your nutritional needs."Source: WebMD