Which of the following best describes the Red Summer?

Questions

Which оf the fоllоwing best describes the Red Summer?

The R Mаrkdоwn аnd Jupyter Nоtebоok files include the questions, the empty code chunk sections for your code, аnd the text blocks for your responses. Answer the questions below by completing either the R Markdown or the Jupyter Notebook file.  You will submit an pdf file created using either template.  You may make slight adjustments to get the file to knit/convert but otherwise keep the formatting the same. Once you've finished answering the questions, submit your responses in a single knitted file (just like the homework data analysis assessments). There are two questions  within each with sub-questions. The number of points for each question is provided for each question. Partial credit may be given if your code is correct but your conclusion is incorrect or vice versa. Next Steps: Save the template of your choice in your R working directory - the same directory where you will download the data file for this midterm exam. Having both files in the same directory will help in reading the .csv file. Read the question and create the R code necessary within the code chunk section immediately below each question. Knitting this file will generate the output and insert it into the section below the code chunk. Type your answer to the questions in the text block provided immediately after the response prompt. Once you've finished answering all questions, knit this file and submit the knitted file as PDF on Canvas. You will also have the option to submit an csv file with your predictions.  Please note that there will be a penalty applied to your grade if you do not submit the html file (if you submit instead the unknitted file). Make sure to knit your work as you answer the questions one by one to avoid issues with knitting the file in the last minutes of the exam. Ready? Let's begin. We wish you the best of luck! Data Set  (right-click the link and select to open in new window/tab)   Midterm 1 SP 2025.csv Midterm 1 Spring 2025.Rmd R Markdown Starter Template Midterm 1 Spring 2025.Rmd  Jupyter Notebook Starter Template Midterm 1 Spring 2025.ipynb

Sоme (аdvоcаtes оf the theory of "intelligent design") hаve argued that  a theory that living organisms were created by an intelligent designer (i.e. God) ought to be taught in science classes as an alternative to the theory of evolution by natural selection. A biologist might point to the widespread existence of vestigial organs (organs that have no function like the tail bone in humans) as one piece of evidence that favors evolution by natural selection over a theory that animals were created by an intelligent designer.  After all, we would expect vestigial organs if natural selection were true but not if an intelligent designer made living organisms.  A defender of a theory of intelligent design might point out that we could never know why God creates organisms the way He does, so God may have created organisms with vestigial organs. In fact, we just can't know what we should observe in living organisms since we can never understand God's ways.  What best captures the problem with this response as a defense of the theory of intelligent design?