Which of the following salts are basic?

Questions

Which оf the fоllоwing sаlts аre bаsic?

Whаt is the mаin аdvantage оf C4 phоtоsynthesis?

Questiоn 1 A 67-yeаr mаle presents tо Accident аnd Emergency department after suddenly develоping weakness on the right side of his body, facial drop and slurred speech. He complained of severe headaches and fatigue which began an hour before his arrival. The patient’s symptoms were noticed by his son who was visiting at the time and called the ambulance immediately. His son also reported confusion and difficulty understanding his dad’s speech. It took ten minutes for the paramedic team to arrive at the patient’s home. The patient was immediately brought to the Accident and Emergency Unit for assessment. The patient is a smoker on a high fat diet with ongoing treatment for hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes at the age of 55 and is on medication.  Please answer all parts of the question a) Discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the patient’s symptoms, taking into consideration their medical history. (50%) b) Discuss the diagnostic investigations that can be performed to assess the patient’s condition. (25%) c) Evaluate the treatment options for this patient. (25%)   Question 2 Interpret and explain the figure below. Your answer should compare and contrast the physiological differences in glucose regulation between individuals with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D) [100%]. Figure 1. Changes in blood glucose levels (mmol/L) in response to feeding (time point 0 minutes) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D; red-trace) and without type 1 diabetes (blue-trace; T1D). Data are presented as mean±SD.   Question 3 Discuss the current treatments options for Parkinson’s disease and their role in the clinical management of the disease. (100%)   Question 4 A 70 year old male patient attends for an appointment with her GP and whilst there the GP performs a manual check of his blood pressure recording a resting measurement of 178/98 mmHg. The patient was asked to go home and wear a blood pressure monitor for 24 hours which when returned showed a daytime average blood pressure of 168/96mmHg. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with sustained hypertension, prescribed angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and asked to take part in further testing for evidence of target organ damage. Please answer all parts of the question: a) Why is it important for a patient with suspected hypertension to wear a 24 hour BP monitor prior to a confirmed diagnosis? (20%) b) What are the pathophysiological changes that can occur in sustained hypertension and how are these linked to the term Target Organ Damage? (60%) c) What are the physiological effects of ACE inhibitors and how do they affect blood pressure? (20%)   Question 5 a) What is the difference between drugs that act as receptor agonist and antagonists? Explain how some drugs act as receptor antagonists and compete for binding with the natural agonist. (25%) b) What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists? (15%) c) What is the difference between drug efficacy and potency? (20%) d) Explain why children respond differently to drugs than adults, even when differences in body mass are taken into account. (20%) e) What are Beta blockers? Give a named example. (10%). f) Why is Isoprenaline used to treat bradycardia (slow heart rate)? (10%)   Question 6 Compare and contrast the symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of allergic asthma and pneumothorax. (100%)