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You might suspect a patient has cholecystitis if he or she h… | Wiki Cram

You might suspect a patient has cholecystitis if he or she h…

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Yоu might suspect а pаtient hаs chоlecystitis if he оr she has pain in the:

Tо investigаte the regulаtоry rоle of cortisol in modulаting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in dairy cattle during periods of chronic stress and its downstream effects on reproductive performance. Objective 1: To evaluate the impact of elevated cortisol levels on GnRH secretion and LH pulse frequency in dairy cows. Hypothesis 1: Chronic cortisol elevation will suppress GnRH secretion and decrease LH pulse frequency, impairing follicular recruitment and ovulation. Objective 2: To determine the relationship between cortisol levels and ovarian steroid hormone production, including estradiol and progesterone. Hypothesis 2: Elevated cortisol will disrupt thecal and granulosa cell function, leading to reduced estradiol production during follicular development and diminished progesterone levels during the luteal phase. Objective 3: To assess the reversibility of cortisol-induced suppression of the HPG axis following stress mitigation strategies, such as environmental enrichment. Hypothesis 3: Reducing cortisol levels through stress mitigation will restore GnRH and LH secretion, normalize ovarian steroidogenesis, and improve reproductive performance. References: Dobson, H., & Smith, R.F. (2000). Stress and Reproductive Function in Dairy Cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 60-61, 743–752. Tilbrook, A.J., & Clarke, I.J. (2006). Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Stress and Reproduction. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 71(1), 106–116.