Assignment Instructiоns: 1. Intrоductiоn Define the concept of "virtuаl presence" in the context of criminаl lаw. State your position: Should a person be held criminally liable for participating in a crime remotely? Why or why not? 2. Use of Technology in Criminal Acts Discuss how technology (e.g., cell phones, live video, messaging apps, social media, or dark web platforms) is being used in criminal activities, including: Coordinating crimes from afar Inciting or encouraging violence remotely Hacking, online fraud, or cyberbullying Use of encrypted apps to avoid detection Explain how law enforcement investigates and proves remote participation. 3. Case Study – Page 48 of Your Textbook Go to page 48 of your course textbook. Read the assigned case and answer the following: Summarize the facts of the case. Identify the key elements of the crime involved. What role did technology play in the case? Was the defendant held responsible despite not being physically present? How did the court interpret presence and participation? 4. Does This Affect Freedom of Speech? Analyze whether virtual participation in a crime—especially when involving social media posts, messages, or online speech—raises issues under the First Amendment: Can speech become criminal if it incites or directs others to commit illegal acts? Where is the legal line between protected speech and criminal conduct? Use examples or cases where courts addressed this issue. 5. Case Law Research Research at least one court case where the issue of virtual presence, remote criminal participation, or digital incitement was addressed. Examples may include: United States v. Alkhabaz (1997) Elonis v. United States (2015) United States v. Drew (2008) For the case you select: Provide the case name and citation Summarize the facts, legal question, and the ruling Explain how the court interpreted the use of technology in relation to criminal liability Discuss how the case affects or interprets mens rea (intent) and criminal responsibility 6. Conclusion Wrap up your analysis by addressing: Should criminal liability apply even if a person is not physically present? How should the law evolve to deal with digital crime? Final thoughts on how courts should balance public safety and constitutional rights Formatting & Submission Requirements: Length: Minimum 500 words, maximum 1000 words Typed directly into Canvas. Uploads, attachments, or copy-paste from outside word processors will not be accepted. Academic Integrity Policy: ⚠️ Strictly No Use of AI Tools or External Writing Services.Any use of ChatGPT, AI writing assistants, or plagiarism (including copying from websites or peers) will result in an automatic score of zero (0) and may result in academic disciplinary action. Students must write in their own words and demonstrate original thought. Help with Honor Lock The assignments will be using honor lock to check for plagiarism and AI. Please read all the instructions on honor lock if you arenot familiar with the program. You must use a chrome browser. No tablets or phones are compatible with honor lock. You must also provide ID prior to beginning the assignment. Should you have problems with honor lock You can call Jennifer at the number listed below she is the IT person for honor lock You must read all the information regarding honor lock to be become familiar with a programJenifer Dollente Jenifer.Dollente@imperial.edu Imperial Valley CollegeEducational Technology Specialist760-355-6205
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