A 56-year-old male with 30-pack year smoking history, CAD, a…

A 56-year-old male with 30-pack year smoking history, CAD, and advanced liver disease due to alcoholic cirrhosis is being evaluated for a liver transplantation. He complains of worsening shortness of breath. His heart rate is 110/min, blood pressure is 97/64 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 32/min, and saturation 90% on 5 L/min nasal cannula. When asked to sit up in bed, the patient states that he “usually breathes better” when lying supine.  Which of the following is the MOST likely pathophysiology behind the diagnosis?

The unique bill morphologies of the Galapagos finches have b…

The unique bill morphologies of the Galapagos finches have been selected to utilize different foods. In some cases, this results in changes to morphology, when two species are brought together (sympatry). Here is a great example of such a change in Geospiza fortis and G. fuliginosa. The bill sizes in allopatry (separate) are similar, but when they live together their bills differ, thereby reducing competition for resources, is a good example of.