Vampire squid (Vampyroteuthisinfernalis) are deep-sea cephal…

Vampire squid (Vampyroteuthisinfernalis) are deep-sea cephalopods with features similar to both octopus and squid. Extensive video recordings show the diet of the vampire squid consists of items like crustacean remains and fecal pellets. Which of the following terms describes the position of the vampire squid in the deep-sea trophic pyramid?

In leaf-cutter ant colonies, the ants clip leaves from trees…

In leaf-cutter ant colonies, the ants clip leaves from trees and carry them back to their nests. There the ants feed the leaves to fungi. The ants maintain this fungal garden and use it as a source of food. Is this an example of a mutually beneficial symbiosis?