Which of the following theories is the most plausible explanation for the following state of affairs, given the criteria of theory evaluation? Many people who take B vitamins for their headaches report a lower incidence of headaches.

What kind of argument is being employed when a scientist uses questionnaires to determine whether there is a statistically significant correlation between using a particular product (hair dye, e.g.) and some medical condition (e.g. cancer of some type)?

The criterion of conservatism is a measure of…

What is the conclusion of the argument? Chimpanzees are certainly capable of feeling pain.  They will avoid negative feedback in a laboratory setting when given the opportunity to do so.  When one chimpanzee is injured, others will recognize the pain behavior and try to comfort and help the injured member of the group.  Chimps that have been given pain relief medication soon after an injury connect the medicine to the relief of pain, because when injured again they will give the sign for medicine.  Human display all of these behaviors as well. 

Fake news essentially involves…

Consider the following argument: A poll administered by a computer randomly generating a list of email addresses, found that 77% of Americans in the sample of 1500 viewed the current president favorably.  So, the current president has the overwhelming support of the American people.   What is the sample population in this induction?

How many instances are being compared in the following analogical argument?We know that humans are capable of highly abstract thinking by their ability to understand and use complex concepts.  Recent research on dolphins has revealed that dolphins have brains almost identical in size to human brains.  Dolphins have a body size nearly identical to humans.  Experiments have shown that dolphins can understand verbal commands and sign language instructions, which humans can easily do.  Like humans, dolphins have a strong sense of self-identity.  Therefore it is highly probably that dolphins are capable of highly abstract thinking. 

Which of the following is not a relevant similarity being appealed to in the following analogical argument? Fruit has many attributes that are good for your health.  Fruits provide energy, roughage, sugars, citric acid, vitamins and minerals.  The new candy bar, Chocolate Peanut Gooies, provides energy, roughage, sugar, citric acid and vitamins and minerals.  How can it not be good for your health?

Over the past four years, Ecuador has received on average more than twenty million dollars of assistance from USAID, the U.S. Agency for International Development. However, USAID has the discretion to decrease aid to Ecuador if the human trafficking conditions there remain the same or worsen. The U.S. Department of State monitors conditions of human trafficking in countries around the world by compiling the Trafficking in Persons Report each year. Unfortunately, the conditions of human trafficking in Ecuador have worsened in recent years. As a result ___ Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?

“What is Pre-Birth Communication? It’s something that many people experience, yet very few talk about—the sense that somehow we are in contact with a being who is not yet born! It may be a vivid dream, the touch of an invisible presence, a telepathic message announcing pregnancy, or many other types of encounter. It is a mystery, one that challenges our ideas about ourselves and our children.” This claim is . . .